Urogenital atrophy is caused by low levels of oestrogen and is mostly associated with the menopause. Symptoms can include a dry vagina and thinner vulval skin which leads to painful sex and bladder problems. The condition is very common although many women mistakenly believe the symptoms are an inevitable part of ageing and do not seek treatment. A range of treatments are available that can alleviate many of the symptoms. This booklet aims to help you understand your options, so that you can talk to your doctors, nurses and medical team about your symptoms and possible treatment.