Presents the mathematical models that continue to reveal essentials for understanding the relationships among the actors in the financial world: annuities, bonds, portfolio theory, and derivatives.

This book reviews the recent studies on the origin and evolution of atomic matter in the Universe, considering early Universe, interstellar regions, and the solar system. In particular, it focuses on the study of the Universe by spectroscopic observations, it examines the chemical history of the very early universe to the formation of first atoms, it treats of the creation of the higher elements in the heart of the stars, and it reviews the interstellar chemistry from the viewpoints of theory, experiments, models and observations. Moreover, it provides some examples of laboratory-based astrochemistry, and at last, it focuses on the evolutionary history of the moon and the inner solar system, and their Silica-rich volcanism.