Carbon is one of the most abundantly found elements in the earth's crust. It has many allotropes and each of them has proved to be useful to the mankind, and Graphene is one of these allotropes. It is a two-dimensional sheet of sp2-hybridized carbon. It has received the attention of many researchers due to its extraordinary thermal, mechanical and electrical properties. Due to these properties, Graphene seems to have many applications in various sectors including electronics, photonics, optoelectronics, sensors, and drug/gene delivery systems. These single atom carbon layers have the potential to be formed in different morphologies e.g., quantum dots, nanosheets, and nanoparticles, which can be tailored to achieve new breakthrough innovations. Nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes, fullerene and its derivatives, porous carbon and graphene have been applied in energy storage applications. Carbon materials have been widely investigated for hydrogen storage due to their well-developed porosity, chemical and physical properties. In view of the above properties of miraculous Graphene, the book is emphasized to provide a scientific, academic and industrial overview on Grapgene, it's derivatives, properties, synthesis techniques, and applications in modern era.